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Dinosaur Timeline
Scientists believe the earth was formed around 4,600 million years ago.
By about 4,000 million years ago, the earth had cooled sufficiently for liquid
water to appear, and the first life appeared soon after.
For nearly 3,500 million years, all life was single-celled, but eventually
multi-celled life evolved.
During the Paleozoic Era (542 to 248 million years ago), which is itself
divided into various periods (Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian,
Carboniferous, Permian), the first fish, and later amphibians, reptiles
and mammal-like reptiles, all appeared. There were some disasters during
the Paleozoic Era, such as the
Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction, and the late Devonian mass extinction,
but life continued to evolve and diversify.
At the very end of the Paleozoic Era,
there was some terrible disaster (known as
the "Permian mass extinction", or the
"Permian-Triassic mass extinction")
when many creatures became extinct.
Some entire groups of animals such as
Trilobites and
Sea Scorpions were completely wiped out,
whereas others, for example, the mammal-like reptiles
lost many species.
Next came the Mesozoic Era (248 to 65 million years ago), which is itself
divided into three periods:
Dinosaurs
and other archosaurs (which means "ruling reptiles"),
including crocodiles,
Champsosaurs and
Pterosaurs, first evolved in the Triassic period.
These animals remained the dominant land-creatures for the rest of the Mesozoic Era.
Additionally, during the Mesozoic, many other types of reptile (which are not
generally believed to be closely related to dinosaurs or other archosaurs)
returned to the seas.
These include
Nothosaurs,
Placodonts,
Thalattosaurs,
Ichthyosaurs,
Plesiosaurs and
Pliosaurs, as well as
Mosasaurs.
During the early part of Mesozoic Era, those mammal-like reptiles who
had survived from Paleozoic Era dramatically declined, apparently out-competed by the dinosaurs, however
they did give rise to the first mammals, which were mostly tiny mouse-sized
creatures.
Birds
(such as Archaeopteryx)
first appear in the
fossil-record
during the Jurassic period.
It is believed that they evolved from
dinosaurs (see family tree).
During the Mesozoic Era, there were various extinctions, the largest of
which occurred between the
Triassic period, and the
Jurassic period
(known as the "Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction"). At each of
these extinctions various animals (including some types of dinossaurs)
became extinct, but others then evolved
to take the place, and as a whole, the dinosaurs and other large
reptiles continued to thrive.
At the very end of the Mesozoic Era, another great disaster occurred
(the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction),
where the dinosaurs,
Pterosaurs,
Mosasaurs,
Plesiosaurs,
Pliosaurs,
and many other creatures
(such as Ammonites,
and Belemnites)
were wiped out.
The period since the dinosaurs' extinction is known as the Cenozoic and is
divided into 2 periods:
the Paleogene period
(which is itself divided into the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs),
and the Neogene period
(which is itself divided into the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs).
Note: some scientists prefer a classification system where the Neogene
period consists of just the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, and the more recent
past is term the Quaternary period. Additionally in older classification
systems (and therefore in older books), the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene.
Miocene and Pliocene epochs are placed together as a single geological
period known as the Tertiary period.
Here is a chart that shows when some of the main groups of
dinosaurs and other
prehistoric animals lived:
Note: This diagram is greatly simplified, based in part on speculation, and
the depicted dates of branches/evolutionary-splits and extinctions
may not always be exactly correct.
During the Mesozoic Era, when dinosaurs ruled the earth,
not all dinosaurs lived at the same time.
The different times that
various
types of dinosaurs
lived at, is shown in the following chart:
Related Information & Resources
See Also
Books about the Mesozoic Era Here are some books from Amazon.com:
Disclosure: Products details and descriptions provided by Amazon.com. Our company may receive a payment if you purchase products from them after following a link from this website.
By Juan Benito
Akeacubo Released: December 15th, 2022 Paperback (272 pages)
| Lowest New Price: $28.35* In Stock* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: Birds of the Mesozoic: An Illustrated Field Guide- Manufacturer: Lynx Nature Books
- Brand: Akeacubo
- ISBN: 8416728526
- EAN: 9788416728527
Details:- Paperback
- Edition: 1
- Number of Pages: 272
- Author: Juan Benito
- Publication Date: December 15th, 2022
- Release Date: December 15th, 2022
Physical Description:- Size: 11.023622036 inches by 19.68503935 inches by 19.68503935 inches
Click here for more information |
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By James Kuether
Adventure Publications Released: September 20th, 2016 Paperback (176 pages)
| List Price: $18.95* Lowest New Price: $17.99* In Stock* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: The Amazing World of Dinosaurs: An Illustrated Journey Through the Mesozoic Era- Manufacturer: Adventure Publications
- Brand: Adventure Publications
- ISBN: 1591936454
- EAN: 9781591936459
Details:- Paperback
- Format: Illustrated
- Edition: Illustrated
- Number of Pages: 176
- Author: James Kuether
- Publication Date: September 20th, 2016
- Release Date: September 20th, 2016
Physical Description:- Size: 8.0 inches by 10.0 inches by 0.5 inches
- Weight: 1.54103121138 pounds
Click here for more information |
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By George Thomas
Xlibris Us Released: April 3rd, 2012 Paperback (272 pages)
| Lowest New Price: $91.99* Usually ships within 2 to 3 days* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: Life in the Mesozoic Era- Manufacturer: Xlibris Us
- ISBN: 1456843265
- EAN: 9781456843267
Details:- Paperback
- Number of Pages: 272
- Author: George Thomas
- Publication Date: April 3rd, 2012
- Release Date: April 3rd, 2012
Physical Description:- Size: 11.0 inches by 8.5 inches by 0.71 inches
- Weight: 1.4 pounds
Click here for more information |
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Rosen Education Service Released: August 30th, 2010 Library Binding (285 pages)
| List Price: $48.59* Lowest Used Price: $16.33* In Stock* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: The Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs (The Geologic History of Earth)- Manufacturer: Britannica Educational Pub
- Brand: Rosen Education Service
- ISBNs: 9781615301034, 1615301038
- EAN: 9781615301034
Details:- Product Category: Library Binding
- Number of Pages: 285
- Publication Date: August 30th, 2010
- Release Date: August 30th, 2010
Physical Description:- Size: 9.0 inches by 6.25 inches by 1.0 inches
- Weight: 1.3007273458 pounds
Features:- Used Book in Good Condition
Click here for more information |
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By Juan Benito
Princeton University Press Released: November 5th, 2024 Paperback (272 pages)
| Lowest New Price: $27.95* This title will be released on November 5, 2024. Pre-order now.* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: Birds of the Mesozoic (Princeton Field Guides)- Manufacturer: Princeton University Press
- ISBN: 0691266565
- EAN: 9780691266565
Details:- Paperback
- Number of Pages: 272
- Authors: Juan Benito, Roc Olivé
- Publication Date: November 5th, 2024
- Release Date: November 5th, 2024
Physical Description:- Size: 7.87 inches by 4.65 inches by 0.71 inches
- Weight: 1.05 pounds
Click here for more information |
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By Bruce L. Stinchcomb
Schiffer Publishing Released: May 12th, 2009 Paperback (176 pages)
| Lowest New Price: $29.99* In Stock* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: Mesozoic Fossils II: The Cretaceous Period- Manufacturer: Schiffer
- Brand: Schiffer Publishing
- ISBN: 0764332597
- UPC: 884811066673
- EAN: 9780764332593
- PartNumber: 9780764332593
Details:- Paperback
- Format: Illustrated
- Edition: 1
- Number of Pages: 176
- Author: Bruce L. Stinchcomb
- Publication Date: May 12th, 2009
- Release Date: May 12th, 2009
Physical Description:- Size: 10.9 inches by 8.4 inches by 0.6 inches
- Weight: 1.9510910187 pounds
Features:- Used Book in Good Condition
Click here for more information |
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By John A. Long
Harvard University Press Released: October 15th, 1998 Hardcover (192 pages)
| List Price: $92.00* Lowest New Price: $64.18* In Stock* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand and Other Animals of the Mesozoic Era- Manufacturer: Harvard University Press
- Brand: Harvard University Press
- ISBN: 067420767X
- EAN: 9780674207677
Details:- Hardcover
- Edition: 1St Edition
- Number of Pages: 192
- Author: John A. Long
- Publication Date: October 15th, 1998
- Release Date: October 15th, 1998
Physical Description:- Size: 11.5 inches by 8.75 inches by 1.25 inches
- Weight: 2.2 pounds
Click here for more information |
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By Abby Howard
Amulet Books Released: August 1st, 2017 Hardcover (128 pages)
| List Price: $15.99* Lowest New Price: $14.89* In Stock* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: Dinosaur Empire! (Earth Before Us #1): Journey through the Mesozoic Era- Manufacturer: Abrams Fanfare
- Brand: Amulet Books
- ISBNs: 1419723065, 9781419723063
- EAN: 9781419723063
- PartNumber: 9781419723063
Details:- Hardcover
- Format: Illustrated
- Edition: Illustrated
- Number of Pages: 128
- Author: Abby Howard
- Publication Date: August 1st, 2017
- Release Date: August 1st, 2017
Physical Description:- Size: 9.5 inches by 6.5 inches by 0.75 inches
- Weight: 1.00089866948 pounds
Click here for more information |
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Palibrio Released: July 23rd, 2012 Paperback (52 pages)
| Lowest New Price: $23.95* In Stock* *(As of 21:19 Pacific 4 Oct 2024 More Info)
Click Here | Description: Journey Through The Mesozoic Era- Manufacturer: Palibrio
- Brand: Palibrio
- ISBN: 1463334087
- EAN: 9781463334086
Details:- Paperback
- Number of Pages: 52
- Publication Date: July 23rd, 2012
- Release Date: July 23rd, 2012
Physical Description:- Size: 11.0 inches by 8.5 inches by 0.13 inches
- Weight: 0.3196702799 pounds
Click here for more information |
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